Physiological Functions of BAs and Effects on Aquatic Animals
Author：Lachance
Time：2025-05-23
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Bile acids is the main end product of cholesterol metabolism and an important component of bile. It belongs to weak acid and exists in the form of salt under physiological conditions, with relatively strong surface activity. Adding appropriate bile acids has certain effects on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, antioxidant function, immune function, glucose and lipid metabolism of aquatic animals.Bile acid has a strong antibacterial effect, it can inhibit the growth and proliferation of harmful bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Streptococcus, Salmonella, etc. by adjusting the intestinal pH and destroying bacterial cell touch. Free bile acid, such as cholic acid and deoxycholic acid, has stronger antibacterial lease and stronger ability to destroy bacterial cell membrane. Bile acids can also participate in the metabolism of a variety of carbohydrates and the biosynthesis of fatty acids, amino acids and nitrogenous base, as well as the regulation of stress related transport proteins through bacteriostasis.Bile acid has a unique molecular structure--hydrophilic and lipophilic at the same time, which can play an emulsifying role, and can promote the digestion and absorption of lipophilicity foreign substances in animals. Bile acids can promote the emulsification, digestion and absorption of fatty acids, triglycerides, lipophilicity heterobiotics and fat soluble vitamins in the diet taken by animals.Bile acids can effectively decompose endotoxin and reduce its accumulation in the liver, protect and enhance liver function, increase the activities of Lysozyme, Acid phosphatase, Alkaline phosphatase, etc., increase the content of immunoglobulin M, C3, C4 complement, etc., promote the expression level of immune related genes in the intestinal tract, enhance the intestinal barrier function, and improve the non-specific immune response of animal body.Bile acids can increase the activity of protease and lipase. Bile acids in the intestine can activate the lipase secreted by the pancreas to form lipase. The complex of lipase and bile acids can change its properties and promote fat digestion and absorption, which is of great significance in regulating animal glucose and lipid metabolism, helping to improve animal growth performance and meat quality.Protecting the Liver and Intestines
Bile acids plays an important role in maintaining cholesterol homeostasis and regulating the health of liver, intestine and gallbladder. Among them, deoxycholic acid can stimulate liver cells to secrete a large amount of bile, eliminate the accumulation of bile in the bile duct, and at the same time, toxic substances such as drugs and heavy metals are discharged from the body with the bile. In addition, the addition of appropriate bile acids can reduce the activities of glutamic oxaloacetic Transaminase and Alanine transaminase in serum, and play a role in protecting liver function while maintaining the balance of gut microbiota.
